Fallstudie zur PCR-Laborbeleuchtung

Clean rooms generally implement two-level isolation, which is achieved through biological safety cabinets, negative pressure isolators, positive pressure protective clothing, gloves, goggles, etc.; second-level isolation is achieved through laboratory buildings, air-conditioning purification and electrical control systems. However, since the purification air conditioner requires a small air volume, for the sake of safety, the air volume is estimated as large, which generally exceeds the specification, und die object is more than 100 grades. The cooling and heating load may be estimated when the requirements are not very strict. Now there is a special purification air conditioner. The unit can be used directly. Second-level to fourth-level biosafety laboratories should implement two-level isolation. General laboratory equipment includes: ultra-clean workbench, biological safety cabinet, side table or stainless steel operation table, washing table, etc.

Taking PCR laboratory purification engineering as an example (PCR is polymerase chain reaction), it is a routine method for molecular biology research and experiments, and it is also an experimental technique widely used in biology, clinical medicine and other fields. Its characteristic is that it can greatly increase the trace amount of DNA. The laboratory is usually divided into four areas, namely: reagent storage and preparation area, specimen preparation area, amplification reaction mixture preparation and amplification area, amplification product analysis area (if using fully automatic analyzer, areas can be properly combined). Access to each area is carried out strictly in one direction, and different work areas use different work clothes (such as different colors). Work clothes must not be taken out when staff leave.

Reagent storage and preparation room (specimen preparation area), the main equipment of the equipment includes: refrigerated centrifuge, biological safety cabinet, refrigerator, movable ultraviolet lamp, fully automatic nucleic acid protein purifier, special work clothes and work shoes, etc. The preparation of the amplification reaction mixture und die configuration of the amplification area include: refrigerator, high-speed centrifuge, ultra-clean workbench, PCR instrument (requires negative pressure state), movable ultraviolet lamp, micro-sampler, nucleic acid amplification instrument, etc. The amplification product analysis area is mainly equipped with: pipette, oscillator, ultra-clean workbench, capillary electrophoresis instrument, refrigerator, centrifuge, micro-sampler, movable ultraviolet lamp, etc. The PCR laboratory design scheme is shown in the figure below:

Draufsicht auf das PCR-Labor

Electronic computer room and research room, electronic computer is more closely related to our life, mainly consider issues such as air conditioning heat dissipation, power supply voltage and so on. The equipment configured is mainly an instrument table with a keyboard. The research institute is mainly a place for researchers to work, and has relatively low requirements for our laboratory equipment, so I won’t explain it here.

Auxiliary laboratory: mainly includes balance room, high temperature room, pure water room, gas cylinder room, storage room, solution preparation room, dark room, etc. Balance room, analytical balance is a common instrument necessary for chemical laboratories. High-precision balances have certain requirements for the environment, mainly due to the influence of airflow and wind speed. Adjacent rooms with strong electromagnetic interference. The high-precision microbalance should be located at the bottom. No washing station or any pipes shall pass through the balance room, so as to prevent the leakage of the pipes from affecting the maintenance and use of the balance. High-temperature chambers, high-temperature furnaces and incubators are standing equipment, which are generally placed on high-temperature workbenches, but it is advisable to place extra-large incubators on the floor, and high-temperature furnaces and incubators must be placed separately. The pure water room is mainly designed with experimental equipment; side platform and washing platform. Modern laboratories mostly use deionized water, which has a large amount of water and can improve water quality. Floor drains are required on the ground. Gas cylinder room, laboratory gas except non-combustible gas (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), inert gas (argon, helium, etc.), other gases have high pressure, highly toxic, oxidative decomposition, explosion. and other dangerous gases, such as flammable gases Hydrogen, carbon monoxide; highly toxic gases such as fluorine and chlorine; combustion-supporting gases such as oxygen, etc These gases are not allowed in the laboratory. It can be connected to each laboratory through tubes. The solution preparation room is used to prepare various standard solutions and solutions with different concentrations. Under permitted conditions, it can be composed of two rooms, one of which has a sky platform. The other room is used for preparing reagents and storing reagents. Generally, it should be equipped with: fume hood, laboratory bench, and reagent cabinet.

Der Serviceversorgungsteil ist ein Ort, an dem Basislabore und Hilfslabore, wie Schnellkochtopfräume und Hilfsräume für Wasser und Strom, bedient werden. Wir müssen es nur ein wenig wissen.

Professionelle Gestaltung von Arbeitsabläufen und Prozessen

Part of it is graphic design. Party A (the user) first puts forward the more fundamental functional requirements and distribution plan. Party B (design institute), Party C (laboratory planning and design professional company) and Party A participate in the laboratory construction and design team. Discuss together, und die three parties confirm together before entering the second procedure. Because the architectural design of traditional laboratories is based on the national building standards, it only focuses on the appearance and interior structure, not on the function of the laboratory, und die architectural design is out of touch with the functional design. Our company has many lessons in this regard. For example, Guangdong Medical College, the contract was signed for two years because the site did not meet the installation conditions, so it has not been installed yet.

Der zweite Teil ist die Funktion einer einzelnen Einheit. Der strukturelle Entwurf einer einzelnen Einheit sollte Stück für Stück, Stück für Stück und Stockwerk für Stockwerk anhand des Entwurfs des gesamten Gebäudes, der Schicht, des Raums und des Stücks festgelegt und umfassend unterteilt und bestätigt werden.

The third part, after all confirmations, invite high-level users to participate in the laboratory construction demonstration meeting, and make a decision on the spot; Party A invites the project supervisors of Party B and Party C to strictly supervise the implementation of standards in the installation and construction process to track the smooth progress of the laboratory construction project Completion; construction laboratory planning. and design and product bidding are divided into two parts; bidding: A, design is part; B, product standard is the second part; building decoration, purification, and basic equipment are divided into three majors, which cannot be confused Packages, different majors, bidding separately, und dien the three parties who won the bid will cooperate closely. The decoration and purification projects will go first. After the acceptance of the laboratory, the basic supporting facilities of the laboratory will enter the stage of clarifying responsibilities and assume responsibility. When all the projects are completed, the three companies will be centralized for acceptance at the same time. The basic equipment part will be product testing. Standards and tests are different from the previous two projects, und diere is a big difference and cannot be treated as the same.

Boden und Wände sind gut belüftet, um tote Ecken zu vermeiden, und die vier Ecken des Raumes sollten möglichst frei, pflegeleicht und einfach sein.

Einzelstruktur- und Funktionsdesignsystem

Different specialties use different laboratory-specific basic supporting equipment, und die series of products are divided into five parts: A, the part of the test bench; B, the part of the instrument table; C, the part of the functional cabinet; D, the part of the instrument and equipment; E, the part of the output system.

A. Experimentierbankteil

1. Klassifizierung von Prüfständen:

① According to the functions of the laboratory, the experimental benches are divided into: physical experimental benches (mainly used for electronics, electrical engineering, and physical experiments); chemical experimental benches (mainly used for organic and inorganic chemical experiments); biological experimental benches (mainly used for purification and aseptic Experiments, such as simple dissecting table, stainless steel operating table, etc.);

② Entsprechend der Struktur ist es unterteilt in: MM (bestehend aus Stahltragrahmen, Basiskasten, Tischplatte, Reagenziengestell, Anschlüssen und Zubehör) MR (Basiskasten, Tischplatte, Reagenziengestell, Anschlüsse und Zubehör);

③ Je nach Zweck kann es unterteilt werden in: zentraler Prüfstand, seitlicher Prüfstand, Waschprüfstand, Reagenziengestell, Basisbox und Prüfstand.

2. Klassifizierung der Basisbox:

Basiskästen können je nach Material in Basiskästen aus Stahl und Holz, Basiskästen aus Aluminium und Holz sowie Basiskästen aus Vollholz unterteilt werden.

Je nach Produktionsprozess wird es unterteilt in: Stahl-Basiskasten im europäischen Stil (d. h. die Türverkleidung ist mit der Seitenwand verbunden) und Stahl-Basiskasten im amerikanischen Stil (d. h. die Türverkleidung ist in den Basiskasten eingebettet).

According to the style, it can be divided into: movable base box, floor-standing base box, and suspended base box. Among them, the movable base box und die suspended base box are used for MM models. The floor-standing base box is used for MR models. The steel and wood base box is a newly developed product of our company. The side panels and door panels are made of steel, and other such as laminates, top panels, drawer bottom panels, and maintenance panels are all made of wood. They are safe and fireproof, cost-effective, and glassware It is not easy to be broken when placed. All wood is not suitable for making suspended base boxes and washing tables.

B. Instrumententischteil

Load-bearing, stability, anti-interference, electric control requirements are very high, gas distribution is strict, safe, reliable, convenient and easy to manage; load-bearing: more than 500Kg. Mainly used in instrumental analysis laboratories, such as spectroscopy, chromatography, atomic analysis laboratories, etc. The main products are: standard instrument table, spectrum instrument table, chromatographic instrument table, microscope table, conjoined instrument table, sky platform, computer table, high temperature instrument table, teaching table.

C. Funktionsschrankteil

Der funktionale Schrankteil dient der Wartung und Lagerung der ersten beiden Teile. Der wichtige funktionale Teil betrifft Fragen der Sicherheit und des Umweltschutzes; es kann in Vollholz und Stahlholz unterteilt werden; Lagerung von Reagenzien, Arzneimitteln, flüchtigen Arzneimitteln, radioaktiven Arzneimitteln, hochgiftigen Arzneimitteln, brennbaren Kulturen usw. Es gibt grundsätzlich dreizehn Funktionen:

1. Allgemeiner Medizinschrank; 2. Aufbewahrungsschrank für flüchtige Medikamente; 3. Spezieller Färbeschrank; 4. Medizinschrank; 5. Lagerschrank für brennbare Produkte (feuerfester Schrank); 6. Aktenschrank (Datenschrank); 7. Spind (Bakterienschrank); 8. Kulturschrank; 9. Probenschrank; 10. Instrumentenschrank; 11. Soda-Schrank; 12. Schwefelsäureschrank; 13. Sterilschrank.

D. Instrumenten- und Ausrüstungsteil

1. Abzugshaube; 2. Biologische Sicherheitswerkbank; 3. Ultrareine Werkbank; 4. Gefäßwaschmaschine (automatisch); 5. Sicherer Aufbewahrungsschrank für hochgiftige Medikamente; 6. Intelligenter Intensivschrank; 7. Sektionstisch; 8. 9. Sensorfunktionsschrank; 10. Schrank für flüchtige Medikamente.

E. Der Teil zur Freisetzung schädlicher Gase wird in den folgenden Kapiteln ausführlich beschrieben und wird daher hier nicht wiederholt.

Designsystem für Wasserversorgung und Entwässerung

The water supply and drainage design system is mainly for the preliminary PCR laboratory purification engineering design service. Provide the water point of the test bench for the architectural design institute. The faucets are divided into rapid flow faucets and slow flow faucets, und die single faucet (MBs-016) is a rapid flow faucet. Generally match with PP sink (MBc-032). The double faucet (MBs-02) is a slow flow faucet, which is generally matched with the PP sink (MBc-029). By default, we generally configure double faucets for customers. The triple faucet (MBc-01) is a faucet with one emergency and two slow ones. Generally match with PP sink (MBc-029). Large sink (MBc-031), cup sink for fume hood (MBc-028).

Elektronisches Steuersystem

The power consumption of PCR laboratory purification engineering mainly includes two parts: lighting power and power. Power electricity is mainly used for power supply for various instruments and equipment, elevators, air conditioners, etc. The laboratory power supply system is also one of the most basic conditions for the laboratory. Power sockets are: 10A, 13A, 16A, 20A; leakage protection switch, overload protection switch, etc. The power socket should be far away from the water basin and nozzles of gas, hydrogen, etc., and will not affect the placement and operation position of the test bench instruments. The wire slots are mainly multi-functional steel wire slots (mainly used on reagent racks) and PVC wire slots with Spanish sockets (mainly used on side tables and central table tops).

Spezielles Gasverteilungssystem

The gases used in PCR laboratory purification engineering mainly include non-combustible gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide), inert gases (argon, helium, etc.), flammable gases (hydrogen, carbon monoxide); highly toxic gases (fluorine, chlorine); combustion-supporting gases ( oxygen) composition. Gases other than incombustible gases and inert gases are not allowed in the laboratory. It can be connected to each laboratory through the air pipe. Generally, the gas phase chamber is equipped with helium (He) and nitrogen (N2). The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry chamber is equipped with nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. The connecting pipe fittings on the hydrogen pipeline must be welded after connection, und die possibility of leakage is strictly prohibited. All pipelines must be tested for air tightness after installation and degreased before use. Due to the small pipes and small pipe spacing, the installation process can be adjusted according to the site conditions, und die spacing is not less than 45mm. When the gas cylinder is bottled, the flammable and explosive gas und die inert gas are in the same cabinet.

Ausgabesystem für gefährliche Gase

In der Einführung des Lüftungssystems werden wir diese zur Analyse separat auflisten.